Promise
Promise基本原理
1、Promise 是一个类,在执行这个类的时候,会传入一个执行器,这个执行器会立即执行
2、Promise 有三个状态
Pending 等待
Fulfilled 完成
Rejected 失败
3、状态只能由 Pending --> Fulfilled, 或者 Pending --> Rejected ,并且一旦发生改变就不能修改
4、Promise中使用 resolve 和 reject 来改变状态
5、then方法中做的事儿就是状态的判断,
如果状态是成功,调用成功的回调函数
如果状态是失败,调用失败的回调函数
一、Promise核心逻辑的实现
1、新建 MyPromise 类,传入 执行器 executor
class MyPromise {
constructor (executor) {
// exevutor 是一个执行器,会立即执行
executor()
}
}
2、executor 执行器传入 resolve 和 reject 方法
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
// exevutor 是一个执行器,会立即执行
// 并传入resolve和reject方法
// 为什么要用this去接,因为这是 MyPromise 内部的方法
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
// 为什么 要用箭头函数?
// 因为如果直接调用的话,普通函数的this会直接指向 window 或者 undefined
// 用箭头函数就可以让this指向当前实例对象
// 更改成功后的状态
resolve = () => {}
// 更改失败后的状态
reject = () => {}
}
3、状态与结果的管理
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
// 存储状态的变量,初始值是pending
status = PENDING
// 成功之后的值
value = null
// 失败之后的值
reason = null
// 更改成功后的状态
resolve = (value) => {
// 只有状态是等待,才能执行状态修改
if(this.status === PENDING) {
// 修改状态为成功
this.status = FULFILLED
// 保存成功之后的值
this.value = value
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
// 只有状态是等待,才能执行状态修改
if(this.status === PENDING) {
// 修改状态为成功
this.status = REJECTED
// 保存成功之后的值
this.reason = reason
}
}
}
- then 的简单实现
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
}
}
}
// 5、使用 module.exports 对外暴露 MyPromise 类
module.exports = MyPromise;
5、使用 module.exports 对外暴露 MyPromise 类
module.exports = MyPromise;
test
// Promise.resolve().then(() => {
// console.log(0);
// return Promise.resolve(4);
// }).then((res) => {
// console.log(res)
// })
// Promise.resolve().then(() => {
// console.log(1);
// }).then(() => {
// console.log(2);
// }).then(() => {
// console.log(3);
// }).then(() => {
// console.log(5);
// }).then(() =>{
// console.log(6);
// })
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise1.js')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('success')
reject('err')
})
promise.then(value => {
console.log('resolve', value)
}, reason => {
console.log('reject', reason)
})
二、在 Promise 类中加入异步逻辑
MyPromise 类
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
}
}
}
1、缓存成功与失败回调
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// ======== new ==========
// 存储 成功的回调函数
onFulfilledCallback = null;
// 存储 失败的回调函数
onRejeectedCallback = null;
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
}
}
}
2、then 方法中的 Pending 的处理
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
onFulfilledCallback = null;
// 存储 失败的回调函数
onRejeectedCallback = null;
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
} else if(this.status = PENDING) {
// == new ==
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功或者失败函数的时候再传递
this.onFulfilledCallback = onFulfilled
this.onRejeectedCallback = onFulfilled
}
}
}
3、resolve 与 reject 中调用回调函数
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
onFulfilledCallback = null;
// 存储 失败的回调函数
onRejeectedCallback = null;
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// == new ==
// 判断成功回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
this.onFulfilledCallback && this.onFulfilledCallback(value)
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// == new ==
// 判断失败回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
this.onRejeectedCallback && this.onRejeectedCallback(value)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
} else if(this.status = PENDING) {
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功或者失败函数的时候再传递
this.onFulfilledCallback = onFulfilled
this.onRejeectedCallback = onFulfilled
}
}
}
test
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise2.js')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('success')
}, 2000);
})
promise.then(value => {
console.log('resolve', value)
}, reason => {
console.log('reject', reason)
})
三、实现 then 方法 多次调用 添加多个处理函数
- Promise 的 then 方法是可以被多次调用的,
- 如果有三个then的调用,如果是同步回调,那么直接返回当前的值就行,
- 如果是异步回调,那么保存的成功失败的回调,需要用不同的值来保存
- 因为都互不相同
1、在 MyPromise 中新增两个数组
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
// ============ new ============
// onFulfilledCallback = null;
onFulfilledCallback = []
// 存储 失败的回调函数
// onRejeectedCallback = null;
onRejeectedCallback = []
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// == new ==
// 判断成功回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
this.onFulfilledCallback && this.onFulfilledCallback(value)
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// == new ==
// 判断失败回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
this.onRejeectedCallback && this.onRejeectedCallback(value)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
} else if(this.status = PENDING) {
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功或者失败函数的时候再传递
this.onFulfilledCallback = onFulfilled
this.onRejeectedCallback = onFulfilled
}
}
}
2、回调函数存在数组中
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
// onFulfilledCallback = null;
onFulfilledCallback = []
// 存储 失败的回调函数
onRejeectedCallback = null;
onRejeectedCallback = []
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// 判断成功回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
this.onFulfilledCallback && this.onFulfilledCallback(value)
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// 判断失败回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
this.onRejeectedCallback && this.onRejeectedCallback(value)
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
} else if(this.status = PENDING) {
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功或者失败函数的时候再传递
// == new ==
this.onFulfilledCallback.push(onFulfilled)
this.onRejeectedCallback.push(onFulfilled)
}
}
}
3、循环成功和失败的回调
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
// == new ==
// onFulfilledCallback = null;
onFulfilledCallback = []
// 存储 失败的回调函数
// onRejeectedCallback = null;
onRejeectedCallback = []
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// 判断成功回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
// == new ==
// resolve 里面将所有成功的回调拿出来执行
// this.onFulfilledCallback && this.onFulfilledCallback(value)
while(this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
// Array.shift() 取出数组的第一个元素,然后传入参数调用
// shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空
this.onFulfilledCallback.shift()(value)
}
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// 判断失败回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
// == new ==
// reject 里面将所有失败的回调拿出来执行
// this.onRejeectedCallback && this.onRejeectedCallback(value)
while(this.onRejeectedCallback.length) {
// Array.shift() 取出数组的第一个元素,然后传入参数调用
// shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空
this.onRejeectedCallback.shift()(reason)
}
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 判断状态
if(this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把值返回
onFulfilled(this.value)
} else if(this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用成功的回调函数,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason)
} else if(this.status = PENDING) {
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功或者失败函数的时候再传递
this.onFulfilledCallback.push(onFulfilled)
this.onRejeectedCallback.push(onFulfilled)
}
}
}
test
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise3.js')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
setTimeout(() => {
resolve('success')
}, 2000);
})
promise.then(value => {
console.log(1)
console.log('resolve', value)
})
promise.then(value => {
console.log(2)
console.log('resolve', value)
})
promise.then(value => {
console.log(3)
console.log('resolve', value)
})
// 3
// resolve success
四、实现 then 方法 的链式调用
- then方法要链式调用的话,就需要返回一个Promise对象
- then方法里面 return 一个返回值,作为下一个 then方法的参数,
- 如果 return 一个 Promise对象,就需要判断它的状态
1、创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
// == new ==
// onFulfilledCallback = null;
onFulfilledCallback = []
// 存储 失败的回调函数
// onRejeectedCallback = null;
onRejeectedCallback = []
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// 判断成功回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
// == new ==
// resolve 里面将所有成功的回调拿出来执行
// this.onFulfilledCallback && this.onFulfilledCallback(value)
while(this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
// Array.shift() 取出数组的第一个元素,然后传入参数调用
// shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空
this.onFulfilledCallback.shift()(value)
}
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// 判断失败回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
// == new ==
// reject 里面将所有失败的回调拿出来执行
// this.onRejeectedCallback && this.onRejeectedCallback(value)
while(this.onRejeectedCallback.length) {
// Array.shift() 取出数组的第一个元素,然后传入参数调用
// shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空
this.onRejeectedCallback.shift()(reason)
}
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// ==== 新增 ====
// 为了链式调用这里直接创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去
const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
// 这里的内容在执行器中,会立即执行
if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 获取成功回调函数的执行结果
const x = onFulfilled(this.value);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(x, resolve, reject);
} else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
onRejected(this.reason);
} else if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(onFulfilled);
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(onRejected);
}
})
return promise2;
}
function resolvePromise(x, resolve, reject) {
// 判断x是不是 MyPromise 实例对象
if(x instanceof MyPromise) {
// 执行 x,调用 then 方法,目的是将其状态变为 fulfilled 或者 rejected
// x.then(value => resolve(value), reason => reject(reason))
// 简化之后
x.then(resolve, reject)
} else{
// 普通值
resolve(x)
}
}
test
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
// 目前这里只处理同步的问题
resolve('success')
})
function other () {
return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) =>{
resolve('other')
})
}
promise.then(value => {
console.log(1)
console.log('resolve', value)
return other()
}).then(value => {
console.log(2)
console.log('resolve', value)
})
五、then 方法链式调用识别 Promise 是否返回自己
如果 then 方法返回的是自己的 Promise 对象,则会发生循环调用,这个时候程序会报错
const promise = new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve(100)
})
const p1 = promise.then(value => {
console.log(value)
return p1
})
输出
100
Uncaught (in promise) TypeError: Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>
在MyPromise 中实现
function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) {
// 如果相等了,说明return的是自己,抛出类型错误并返回
if (promise2 === x) {
return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>'))
}
if(x instanceof MyPromise) {
x.then(resolve, reject)
} else{
resolve(x)
}
}
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
^
ReferenceError: Cannot access 'promise2' before initialization
为啥会报错呢?
从错误提示可以看出,我们必须要等 promise2 完成初始化。
这个时候我们就要用上宏微任务和事件循环的知识了,
这里就需要创建一个异步函数去等待 promise2 完成初始化,前面我们已经确认了创建微任务的技术方案 --> queueMicrotask
const PENDING = 'pending';
const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled';
const REJECTED = 'rejected';
class MyPromise {
constructor(executor) {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
}
status=PENDING
value = null
reason = null
// 存储 成功的回调函数
// == new ==
// onFulfilledCallback = null;
onFulfilledCallback = []
// 存储 失败的回调函数
// onRejeectedCallback = null;
onRejeectedCallback = []
resolve = (value) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = FULFILLED
this.value = value
// 判断成功回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
// == new ==
// resolve 里面将所有成功的回调拿出来执行
// this.onFulfilledCallback && this.onFulfilledCallback(value)
while(this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) {
// Array.shift() 取出数组的第一个元素,然后传入参数调用
// shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空
this.onFulfilledCallback.shift()(value)
}
}
}
reject = (reason) => {
if(this.status === PENDING) {
this.status = REJECTED
this.reason = reason
// 判断失败回调是否存在,如果存在,就调用
// == new ==
// reject 里面将所有失败的回调拿出来执行
// this.onRejeectedCallback && this.onRejeectedCallback(value)
while(this.onRejeectedCallback.length) {
// Array.shift() 取出数组的第一个元素,然后传入参数调用
// shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空
this.onRejeectedCallback.shift()(reason)
}
}
}
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// ==== 新增 ====
// 为了链式调用这里直接创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去
const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
// 这里的内容在执行器中,会立即执行
if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
// ==== 新增 ====
// 创建一个微任务等待 promise2 完成初始化
queueMicrotask(() => {
// 获取成功回调函数的执行结果
const x = onFulfilled(this.value);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
})
} else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
onRejected(this.reason);
} else if (this.status === PENDING) {
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(onFulfilled);
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(onRejected);
}
})
return promise2;
}
function resolvePromise(x, resolve, reject) {
// 判断x是不是 MyPromise 实例对象
if(x instanceof MyPromise) {
// 执行 x,调用 then 方法,目的是将其状态变为 fulfilled 或者 rejected
// x.then(value => resolve(value), reason => reject(reason))
// 简化之后
x.then(resolve, reject)
} else{
// 普通值
resolve(x)
}
}
test
// test.js
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('success')
})
// 这个时候将promise定义一个p1,然后返回的时候返回p1这个promise
const p1 = promise.then(value => {
console.log(1)
console.log('resolve', value)
return p1
})
// 运行的时候会走reject
p1.then(value => {
console.log(2)
console.log('resolve', value)
}, reason => {
console.log(3)
console.log(reason.message)
})
结果
1
resolve success
3
Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>
六、捕获错误及 then 链式调用其他状态代码补充
1、捕获执行器错误
捕获执行器中的代码,如果执行器中有代码错误,那么 Promise 的状态要变为失败
// MyPromise.js
constructor(executor){
// ==== 新增 ====
// executor 是一个执行器,进入会立即执行
// 并传入resolve和reject方法
try {
executor(this.resolve, this.reject)
} catch (error) {
// 如果有错误,就直接执行 reject
this.reject(error)
}
}
test
// test.js
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
// resolve('success')
throw new Error('执行器错误')
})
promise.then(value => {
console.log(1)
console.log('resolve', value)
}, reason => {
console.log(2)
console.log(reason.message)
})
2
执行器错误
2、then 执行的时错误捕获
// MyPromise.js
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 为了链式调用这里直接创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去
const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
// 判断状态
if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 创建一个微任务等待 promise2 完成初始化
queueMicrotask(() => {
// ==== 新增 ====
try {
// 获取成功回调函数的执行结果
const x = onFulfilled(this.value);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (error) {
reject(error)
}
})
} else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
// 调用失败回调,并且把原因返回
onRejected(this.reason);
} else if (this.status === PENDING) {
// 等待
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功失败函数的时候再传递
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(onFulfilled);
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(onRejected);
}
})
return promise2;
}
test
// test.js
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('success')
// throw new Error('执行器错误')
})
// 第一个then方法中的错误要在第二个then方法中捕获到
promise.then(value => {
console.log(1)
console.log('resolve', value)
throw new Error('then error')
}, reason => {
console.log(2)
console.log(reason.message)
}).then(value => {
console.log(3)
console.log(value);
}, reason => {
console.log(4)
console.log(reason.message)
})
结果
1
resolve success
4
then error
七、参考 fulfilled 状态下的处理方式,对 rejected 和 pending 状态进行改造
- 增加异步状态下的链式调用
- 增加回调函数执行结果的判断
- 增加识别 Promise 是否返回自己
- 增加错误捕获
// MyPromise.js
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 为了链式调用这里直接创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去
const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
// 判断状态
if (this.status === FULFILLED) {
// 创建一个微任务等待 promise2 完成初始化
queueMicrotask(() => {
try {
// 获取成功回调函数的执行结果
const x = onFulfilled(this.value);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (error) {
reject(error)
}
})
} else if (this.status === REJECTED) {
// ==== 新增 ====
// 创建一个微任务等待 promise2 完成初始化
queueMicrotask(() => {
try {
// 调用失败回调,并且把原因返回
const x = onRejected(this.reason);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (error) {
reject(error)
}
})
} else if (this.status === PENDING) {
// 等待
// 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来
// 等到执行成功失败函数的时候再传递
this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(() => {
// ==== 新增 ====
queueMicrotask(() => {
try {
// 获取成功回调函数的执行结果
const x = onFulfilled(this.value);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (error) {
reject(error)
}
})
});
this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(() => {
// ==== 新增 ====
queueMicrotask(() => {
try {
// 调用失败回调,并且把原因返回
const x = onRejected(this.reason);
// 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理
resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject);
} catch (error) {
reject(error)
}
})
});
}
})
return promise2;
}
八、then 中的参数变为可选
上面我们处理 then 方法的时候都是默认传入 onFulfilled、onRejected 两个回调函数,
但是实际上原生 Promise 是可以选择参数的单传或者不传,都不会影响执行。
// MyPromise.js
then(onFulfilled, onRejected) {
// 如果不传,就使用默认函数
onFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value;
onRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : reason => {throw reason};
// 为了链式调用这里直接创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去
const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
......
}
test
resolve 之后
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
resolve('succ')
})
promise.then().then().then(value => console.log(value))
// 打印 succ
reject 之后
const MyPromise = require('./MyPromise')
const promise = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
reject('err')
})
promise.then().then().then(value => console.log(value), reason => console.log(reason))
// 打印 err
九、实现 resolve 与 reject 的静态调用
// MyPromise.js
MyPromise {
......
// resolve 静态方法
static resolve (parameter) {
// 如果传入 MyPromise 就直接返回
if (parameter instanceof MyPromise) {
return parameter;
}
// 转成常规方式
return new MyPromise(resolve => {
resolve(parameter);
});
}
// reject 静态方法
static reject (reason) {
return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => {
reject(reason);
});
}
}
总结
// MyPromise.js // 先定义三个常量表示状态 const PENDING = 'pending'; const FULFILLED = 'fulfilled'; const REJECTED = 'rejected'; // 新建 MyPromise 类 class MyPromise { constructor(executor){ // executor 是一个执行器,进入会立即执行 // 并传入resolve和reject方法 try { executor(this.resolve, this.reject) } catch (error) { this.reject(error) } } // 储存状态的变量,初始值是 pending status = PENDING; // 成功之后的值 value = null; // 失败之后的原因 reason = null; // 存储成功回调函数 onFulfilledCallbacks = []; // 存储失败回调函数 onRejectedCallbacks = []; // 更改成功后的状态 resolve = (value) => { // 只有状态是等待,才执行状态修改 if (this.status === PENDING) { // 状态修改为成功 this.status = FULFILLED; // 保存成功之后的值 this.value = value; // resolve里面将所有成功的回调拿出来执行 while (this.onFulfilledCallbacks.length) { // Array.shift() 取出数组第一个元素,然后()调用,shift不是纯函数,取出后,数组将失去该元素,直到数组为空 this.onFulfilledCallbacks.shift()(value) } } } // 更改失败后的状态 reject = (reason) => { // 只有状态是等待,才执行状态修改 if (this.status === PENDING) { // 状态成功为失败 this.status = REJECTED; // 保存失败后的原因 this.reason = reason; // resolve里面将所有失败的回调拿出来执行 while (this.onRejectedCallbacks.length) { this.onRejectedCallbacks.shift()(reason) } } } then(onFulfilled, onRejected) { const realOnFulfilled = typeof onFulfilled === 'function' ? onFulfilled : value => value; const realOnRejected = typeof onRejected === 'function' ? onRejected : reason => {throw reason}; // 为了链式调用这里直接创建一个 MyPromise,并在后面 return 出去 const promise2 = new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { const fulfilledMicrotask = () => { // 创建一个微任务等待 promise2 完成初始化 queueMicrotask(() => { try { // 获取成功回调函数的执行结果 const x = realOnFulfilled(this.value); // 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理 resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); } catch (error) { reject(error) } }) } const rejectedMicrotask = () => { // 创建一个微任务等待 promise2 完成初始化 queueMicrotask(() => { try { // 调用失败回调,并且把原因返回 const x = realOnRejected(this.reason); // 传入 resolvePromise 集中处理 resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject); } catch (error) { reject(error) } }) } // 判断状态 if (this.status === FULFILLED) { fulfilledMicrotask() } else if (this.status === REJECTED) { rejectedMicrotask() } else if (this.status === PENDING) { // 等待 // 因为不知道后面状态的变化情况,所以将成功回调和失败回调存储起来 // 等到执行成功失败函数的时候再传递 this.onFulfilledCallbacks.push(fulfilledMicrotask); this.onRejectedCallbacks.push(rejectedMicrotask); } }) return promise2; } // resolve 静态方法 static resolve (parameter) { // 如果传入 MyPromise 就直接返回 if (parameter instanceof MyPromise) { return parameter; } // 转成常规方式 return new MyPromise(resolve => { resolve(parameter); }); } // reject 静态方法 static reject (reason) { return new MyPromise((resolve, reject) => { reject(reason); }); } } function resolvePromise(promise2, x, resolve, reject) { // 如果相等了,说明return的是自己,抛出类型错误并返回 if (promise2 === x) { return reject(new TypeError('Chaining cycle detected for promise #<Promise>')) } // 判断x是不是 MyPromise 实例对象 if(x instanceof MyPromise) { // 执行 x,调用 then 方法,目的是将其状态变为 fulfilled 或者 rejected // x.then(value => resolve(value), reason => reject(reason)) // 简化之后 x.then(resolve, reject) } else{ // 普通值 resolve(x) } } module.exports = MyPromise;